Stimulant drugs like Adderall and Vyvanse are often used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). These drugs are central nervous system stimulants, meaning they speed up brain and nervous system activity.
While they share similar uses, they are made differently, have different active ingredients, and often have different effect profiles. Both carry a risk of abuse and should only be taken under the supervision of a prescribing medical doctor.
What is Adderall?
Adderall is one of the most commonly prescribed stimulant medications in the United States for the treatment of ADHD in both adults and children. It is also FDA-approved for the treatment of narcolepsy.
Adderall is a combination of four different amphetamine salts, containing both dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine. These are absorbed immediately, and Adderall tends to have a quicker onset and more noticeable peaks [1].
What is Vyvanse?
Vyvanse is a long-acting stimulant medication that must be metabolized in the body before it becomes active, often lowering its potential for misuse. It is made of lisdexamfetamine, a compound produced by attaching the amino acid L-lysine to dextroamphetamine.
This makes Vyvanse a prodrug, meaning it is inactive until the body breaks it down in the bloodstream, and only after this process does it release active dextroamphetamine.
Because of this, it provides a gradual, consistent release of effects throughout the day and is often praised for its smoother effect profile. Vyvanse is approved for use in both children and adults with ADHD and is also approved for the treatment of binge eating disorder, as it can greatly reduce appetite [2].
Adderall or Vyvanse? Which Medication Works Best for ADHD?
The question of which is the best ADHD medication depends on several factors and is a decision that should be made between you and your prescribing doctor. Medication choice can depend on lifestyle, medical history, previous responses to stimulants, and insurance coverage.
Adderall, especially the immediate-release form, may be considered for those who cannot tolerate the longer effect profile of Vyvanse. While Vyvanse is effective for all-day symptom control, it may not be ideal for individuals who need flexible dosing or a medication with a faster onset of action. For those who require long-acting, stable effects of the medication, Vyvanse may be considered [3].
Key Differences of Adderall and Vyvanse
Each medication may cause appetite loss, trouble sleeping, increased heart rate, or anxiety, but individual reactions vary. Vyvanse is often preferred for a smoother onset, longer duration, and lower likelihood of causing mood crashes, while Adderall offers more flexibility for short-term symptom control.
Doses and Forms
Adderall is available in both immediate-release (IR) tablets and extended-release (ER) capsules, offering greater flexibility in dosing. Vyvanse is available as a capsule or a chewable tablet and is only a long-acting medication. The dosage for both medications varies depending on the person and must be determined by a doctor. Neither medication should be adjusted without medical supervision.
Onset and Duration
Adderall usually starts working within 30 to 60 minutes, especially in its immediate-release form. Its effects can last anywhere from 4 to 12 hours, depending on the type used. Vyvanse takes a bit longer to start working, often about 1 to 2 hours. However, it typically lasts 12–14 hours and produces more consistent effects throughout the day.
Cost and Insurance Coverage
The cost of Adderall is often lower, and generic versions are often widely available. Vyvanse is usually more expensive, although generic versions have become available in recent years. Insurance coverage varies, but many plans cover both medications with prior approval, and out-of-pocket costs depend on the pharmacy, insurance plan, and whether a generic or brand name is used.
Side Effects
Common side effects of both Adderall and Vyvanse include decreased appetite, trouble sleeping, headaches, and stomach pain. Some people may also experience increased heart rate or feelings of nervousness. Adderall may cause more noticeable mood changes or “crashes” as it wears off, especially in immediate-release forms. Vyvanse often has steadier effects, which may reduce sudden side effects for some individuals.
Abuse Risk
Both Adderall and Vyvanse are controlled substances with a potential for misuse. Adderall has a higher abuse risk as it works quickly and is often misused or taken recreationally, labeled as a “study drug”.
Vyvanse has a lower abuse risk as it takes longer to feel the effects, and it must be processed by the body before becoming active, making it harder to misuse. Regardless, both medications should only be used under the supervision of a doctor.
Interactions and Other Warnings
Both medications can interact with other central nervous system stimulants, antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). They should also be used with extra caution for individuals with heart conditions, high blood pressure, and a history of mental health conditions such as bipolar disorder or psychosis.
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Sources
[1] Drugs.com. Adderall.
[2] Drugs.com. Vyvanse.
[3] Child Mind Institute.Miller, C. How Vyvanse Is Different From Other Stimulants.